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Nation Summary Poland is an ancient nation with the unfortunate geographic position of sitting between Germany and Russia. Historically, Poland has been victimized by these two neighbors (and others over the past 300 years or so. After the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, Poland has enjoyed true independende and a republican form of government with free and fair elections. Independence: November 11, 1918 (The rebirth of Poland after 123 years of partition and rule by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia) Capital: Warsaw Population & Ethnic Groups Population (2007) --38.2 million. Ethnic Groups-- Polish: 98% --Poles are considered to be members of the larger Slavic Ethnic group of Eastern Europe German, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Lithuanian: The remaining 2% Religions-- Roman Catholic 90% Languages: Polish (official) Literacy: (Defined as how many people age 15 and over can read and write) National Literacy Rate: 98%   Wars & Conflicts of Poland  See Wars of Poland Economic Data   Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $420 billion --This is how much, in U.S. dollars, this nation's economy produces in terms of products and services annually. (2007) GDP - per capita: $11,300 (2007)--This figure shows how much personal wealth, on average, each Pole is worth. This is usually a good indicator of whether the nation can be considered "wealthy" or not.     Source: The CIA World Factbook  Neighboring Nations Russia -to the north Lithuania-to the northeast Belarus-to the east Ukraine-to the southeast Slovakia-to the south Czech Republic-to the southwest Germany-to the west Sweden and Denmark--across the Baltic Sea to the north National Politics Form of Government--Republic Current Leaders: Prime Minister : Donald Tusk (since November 16, 2007) President: Lech Kaczynski (since December 23, 2005) Next National Elections: 2010   Major Political Parties Civic Platform (PO) Law and Justice (PiS) Polish People's Party (PSL) Democratic Left Alliance (SLD0 Social Democracy of Poland (SDPL) Poland XXI Democratic Party (PD)   Biofiles -Biography pages of people who impacted Poland.       About Us Bio of the History Guy Commentary Site Map--revision in progress

Read the History Guy Weblog and the War and Conflict Journal--New Taliban Advances; Pakistan in Mortal Danger--posted April 22, 2009 Southern Sudan Erupts in More Violence--posted April 22, 2009 Russia Expands War; Invades Georgia--posted August 10, 2008 Georgia Attacks South Ossetia and Risks Russian Intervention--posted August 7, 2008 Iran War Scenario for April, 2008-posted April 9, 2008 Pakistan's Violent Political History Continues With Bhutto's Assassination--posted Dec. 27, 2007 Casualties in the Somali War--posted Dec. 2, 2007 Musharraf's Martial Law Endangers the War on Terror--posted on Nov. 4, 2007 Biography: Pervez Musharraf--posted on Nov.4, 2007 Kurds At War: Turkey, Iraq, and Iran--posted on October 22, 2007 Stormfront: The Consequences of September 11 and America's Wars Around the World--posted on Sept. 11, 2007 The Calm Before The Storm: The World of September 10, 2001--posted on Sept. 10, 2007 Mid-East War Fears: Israel Versus Syria Again?--posted on Aug. 14, 2007 France at War: French Victories and Defeats--posted May 11, 2007 America and France: A Long Relationship Spanning War and Peace--posted May 10, 2007 Cinco de Mayo, 1862: The Battle Of Puebla --posted May 5, 2007 The Long War on Terror: What is in a War's Name?--posted May 3, 2007 Turkey: To Coup, or not to Coup, that, is the question!--posted May 2, 2007 Canada's Afghan War--posted April 29, 2007. New and Recent Conflicts of the World Wars and Conflicts of Burma/Myanmar --The Wars and Conflicts of Burma/Myanmar from the Anglo-Burmese Wars to the pro-democracy Myanmar uprising of 2007. Wars and Conflicts of Yemen (1914-Present)--NEW Djibouti-Eritrea Border War (June, 2008) Wars of Iran and Persia--Lists the wars and conflicts of Persia and Iran from the 18th Century to the present. The 2007 Pro-Democracy Uprising in Myanmar--The current uprising in Myanmar. North Lebanon Conflict (2007)--Fighting between the Lebanese government and a Jihadist Palestinian militia calling itself Fatah al-Islam. bin Laden's Declaration of War Against the United States-- Long before 9/11, Osama bin Laden declared his hatred and his intent to harm America. Current Wars of the World--A listing of current wars and conflicts around the world. Military Coups in Turkey-A listing of military coups in modern Turkey (1960-1997). Comparing America's Wars Duration in Months-A look at America's wars and comparing their length in months. War in Afghanistan--Details on the origins of this ongoing war; part of the War on Terror Ethiopia-Somalia War of 2006*New*--A brief description of the Ethiopia-Somalia War which began in 2006, and is a part of the larger Somali Civil War. Ethiopia-Somali Wars and Conflicts*New*--Listing the wars and conflicts between Ethiopia and Somalia Wars of Germany--The wars and conflicts of Germany from the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 to the War in Afghanistan. Iraq War: Links and Resources*New*--Links and resources on the Iraq War. Iraq War: Prisoner Abuse and Abu Ghraib Links and Resources*New*--Links and resources on the Iraq War's biggest scandal. Iraq War: Battles and Campaigns*New*--Links and resources on Iraq War battles and military operations. Israel-Lebanon/Hezbollah War of 2006--*New*--Details and analysis on the warfare along the Lebanese border which began in July, 2006! Israel-Lebanon Conflict--*New*--Background information on the decades-long warfare and conflict along the Israel/Lebanon border. Israeli-Palestinian Conflict--*New*--Background information on the long-running warfare between Israel and the Palestinians! Israeli-Palestinian Battles and Campaigns--*New*--Specific information on the warfare raids, battles, terrorist attacks, and retaliations between Israel and the Palestinians! Waziristan War----The War on Terror expands to Pakistan's Northwest Frontier! Hamas----The terrorist/resistance group now ruling the Palestinian Authority! War in the Western Sahara-- Iraq War Afghan War Nepal Civil War Wars of 2006--*--Wars and conflicts of 2006! Watch the latest videos on YouTube.com